Choosing a nanoclay is mostly a process of elimination, and it goes wrong in two predictable ways: picking a mineral whose structure cannot do what you need, or picking the right mineral with the wrong surface modifier on it. This pillar covers both decisions.
Start with the words. Bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite untangles a rock, a mineral group and a mineral that are routinely treated as synonyms. Until those are straight, no comparison between grades means very much.
Then the survey. Nanoclay Types Compared puts sodium montmorillonite, organically modified montmorillonite, halloysite nanotubes, kaolinite, sepiolite and palygorskite side by side, and ends with a decision framework rather than a table you are left to interpret alone.
For the three you are most likely to be weighing, Montmorillonite vs. Kaolinite vs. Halloysite goes deeper on the structural differences that drive everything downstream, and sets out when each one is genuinely the right answer.
If cost is the sticking point, Natural vs. Synthetic Nanoclays addresses the Laponite question directly: synthetic clays cost several times what mined bentonite does, they are worth it in a narrow set of applications, and the article frames the axis that actually decides it.
And once the mineral is settled, the modifier is the next decision, not an afterthought. Choosing an Organoclay Modifier covers the four variables you are really selecting between — and the thermal ceiling that suppliers rarely quote but your extruder will find.